The high-speed and continuous accumulation of mine tailings not only occupies land and wastes resources, but also some metal sulfides in the tailings are easily oxidized to form acidic water, which promotes the migration of some heavy metal ions such as Pb and Zn in the tailings, causing serious environmental pollution and safety hazards. The basic principles of the current comprehensive utilization and management of tailings are resource utilization, reduction, and harmlessness. At present, many scholars have proposed a series of comprehensive utilization methods for tailings based on the mineral composition and chemical composition of tailings, which can be summarized into two aspects: tailings reselection and overall utilization of tailings. Specifically, it includes: tailings reselection to recover useful components, filling of underground mining goafs, production of building sand aggregates, raw materials for building materials series products, highway roadbed materials, mine vegetation reclamation, land reclamation, etc.

The mineral composition and chemical composition of tailings are often similar to those of some building materials, light industry, and inorganic chemical raw materials. It is an incomplete natural mixture. New products can be developed by adding a small amount of other raw materials, properly blending, and undergoing a certain preparation process, such as road water-stabilizing layers, masonry products, etc.

The particle distribution of the base material determines the proportion of different components of the material and the interaction between the components. According to the distribution state of coarse particles (coarse aggregate) and fine particles (fine aggregate and binder) in the fly ash stabilized type, the particle distribution of the material can be divided into skeleton void type, skeleton dense type and suspended dense type. The mechanical properties, frost resistance, anti-scouring and anti-cracking properties of the skeleton dense structure road base are better than the other two structural types.

Based on the principle of close accumulation of multi-scale solid particles, the characteristics of fine tailings particles are fully utilized, and the tailings are used in the road base, which can greatly improve the density of the road base. At the same time, with the help of the mutual cooperation of organic-inorganic curing agents, some active silicon-aluminum minerals are stimulated, and a tailings water-stabilized layer that meets the requirements for the use of highway roadbed materials has been developed.