Solid waste treatment is to reduce its volume and accelerate its size by physical means (such as pulverization, compression, drying, evaporation, incineration, etc.) or biochemical actions (such as oxidation, digestion and decomposition, absorption, etc.) and chemical actions such as pyrolysis and gasification. The process of natural purification. Usually also refers to the solid and muddy substances discarded by human beings in production and living activities, including solid particles separated from wastewater and exhaust gas.

There are many classification methods for solid waste, which can be classified according to its nature, state and source. For example, it can be divided into organic waste and inorganic waste according to its chemical properties; according to its hazard status, it can be divided into hazardous waste and general waste. Many countries such as Europe and the United States divide it into five categories according to the source: industrial solid waste, mining solid waste, municipal solid waste, agricultural solid waste and radioactive solid waste.

The main way to control the environmental pollution and human health hazards of solid waste is to implement the recycling, harmless and reduction treatment of solid waste.

a.Recycling of resources

Utilize the recycling of solid waste to recover energy and resources. The recovery of industrial solid waste must be determined according to the production characteristics of the specific industry, and attention should also be paid to factors such as technical feasibility, product competitiveness and economic benefits.

b.Innocent disposal

The harmless disposal of solid waste refers to the proper treatment or disposal, so that solid waste or its harmful components cannot harm the environment, or can be converted into substances that are harmless to the environment. Commonly used methods are incineration; composting; plasma gasification and pyrolysis gasification.

c.Reduction processing

The amount of solid waste is greatly reduced through treatment

The main ways of using solid waste are: ①Using mineral waste as building materials, road engineering materials, padding materials, metallurgy, chemical industry and light industry and other industrial raw materials. ②Recover energy from waste containing carbon, oil or other organic substances. ③Using wastes containing elements or compounds needed by soil and plants as soil conditioners and fertilizers.